Medication reconciliation: barriers and facilitators from the perspectives of resident physicians and pharmacists.

BACKGROUND Medication reconciliation can prevent medication errors and harm when patients transition between hospital and other care settings. Though a Joint Commission hospital Patient Safety Goal since 2006, organizations continue to have difficulty implementing the process. OBJECTIVE To determine factors that influence performance of medication reconciliation in a hospital setting with a computerized medication reconciliation tool. DESIGN Cognitive task analysis (CTA) and focus group interviews. SETTING Urban, academic, tertiary-care Veterans Affairs medical center. PARTICIPANTS Internal medicine house staff physicians (n = 23) and inpatient staff pharmacists (n = 12). MEASUREMENTS CTA participants verbalized their thoughts while they completed medication reconciliation with the computerized tool. Focus group participants described medication reconciliation's purpose and effectiveness, how they completed the task, and its barriers and facilitators. Interviews were recorded and analyzed using social science methods for analyzing qualitative data. RESULTS Participants agreed that a central goal of medication reconciliation is to prevent prescribing errors, but disagreed about whether it achieves this goal. Computerization facilitated the task, but participants said that computers and patients can be unreliable sources of information. Participants varied in how they sequenced components of the task. When time was limited, physicians considered other responsibilities higher priority. Both physicians and pharmacists expressed low self-efficacy, ie, low perceived capability to achieve the objectives of the process. CONCLUSION Key barriers to medication reconciliation are unreliable sources of medication information and tasks that compete for providers' time and attention that they consider higher priority. Addressing these barriers while increasing providers' self-efficacy might improve medication reconciliation and its outcomes.